Indian Independence

British rule in India began on 23 June 1757 when Indian and French troops under Siraj ud-Daulah were defeated at the Battle of Plassey by British-led troops under Robert Clive. Although there was an independence movement in India in 1857 (which just led to the British Army seizing control of India), the majority of what is taught in schools took place in the 20th Century.
A lawyer named Mahatma Ghandi who after being thrown off a train in South Africa came up with a new force called Satyagraha. This force means truth force and using it means never allowing violence in favour of speaking the truth. Ghandi with the help of Jawaharlal Nehru taught their compatriots Satyagraha. Their compatriots helped the Pro-independence movement by ignoring British laws that told them what they could and could not do and stopped buying British things. The protestors who were arrested were swiftly replaced with more protestors and this repeated until the jails were filled up.
Ghandi organised a march to peacefully protest against a tax on salt in 1930. It was this peaceful movement that inspired the peaceful Civil Rights March in the United States in the 1950s and 60s. During World War 2, a movement called Quit India occurred which was based on the spiritual beliefs of ahimsa (nonviolence) and it was demanded that the British would withdraw from India. After World War 2, the post-war British government saw Imperialism an expense and wanted to get rid of India the easiest way, partition.
Pakistan was created because of the Muslim League that didn't want a Hindu majority. Due to the person appointed to divide the country having never set foot in the subcontinent, let alone flew over it more than once, thousands of Sikhs were caught in the middle of land roughly divided between majority Hindus and Muslims. Pakistan was granted independence on 14 August 1947 which included an exclave called East Pakistan (now called Bangladesh which broke free in 1971) while India was granted its independence on 15 August 1947.